用(yòng)紙覆蓋的塑料？看看一次性紙質(zhì)午餐盒是 “假低碳和真正的威脅”

我們的産(chǎn)品供應給商(shāng)場，超市，牛奶公(gōng)司，食品公(gōng)司以及國(guó)内和國(guó)際分(fēn)銷領域的主要時尚飲料和餐飲連鎖店(diàn)。

Hello everyone, I am Jie Jie. In the previous issues, I gave you an overview of the risks, and even wrote a small series about them. So many friends came to ask whether there is a problem with disposable paper lunch boxes, the hot "environmental star" in today's takeout industry. , let’s talk to you today.
"Small freshness", "INS style" and "log style" are the first impressions of disposable paper lunch boxes on most friends, and they are also the magic weapon for its popularity in the takeout market.
Are lunch boxes that appear to be made of natural paper pulp really environmentally friendly and non-toxic?
This is really not necessarily the case!

Let’s first take a look at the background of this “environmental star”’s competitor in the takeout circle – plastic lunch boxes, which are known as one of the “white pollution” plastic products. The country’s annual consumption has exceeded 10 billion. In Shanghai alone, every As much as 100 tons of "white waste" are generated every day due to the use of disposable plastic lunch boxes [1].
The refractory nature of plastics and the problems caused by the release of harmful substances such as plasticizers under various dietary conditions threaten the ecological environment and human health to a certain extent.
In order to enhance their image and retain customers, more and more businesses are replacing disposable plastic lunch boxes with disposable paper lunch boxes that appear to be harmless to the environment and human body. According to our usual understanding, paper disposable lunch boxes should not cause pollution to the environment compared to plastic lunch boxes, and they also have the advantages of renewable utilization of raw materials.
It sounds like paper lunch boxes are quite reliable.
but--

How can a good story go smoothly? Various opinions about whether paper lunch boxes are true, false or exaggerated come with the number of orders——
"Is the smooth, waterproof membrane inside the paper lunch box carcinogenic paraffin?"
"Will the coating inside the paper lunch box stain the food?"
In fact, due to the waterproof and oil-proof properties required to contain food, the production process of paper lunch boxes is more complicated than that of plastic lunch boxes.

The complex and cumbersome production process has caused more secondary pollution during the production process, and whether its waterproof and oil-proof processing technology-"surface coating/glue plating" is safe remains to be verified.
The laminating process is currently the most common process for making various disposable paper lunch boxes. The laminating process is made of food-contact paper and polyethylene film that are bonded through thermal fusion technology so that the film adheres to the carton. The surface is processed through four processes of printing, die-cutting and molding.

Healthy and harmless? Fake!
Food safety risks of paper lunch boxes
Compared with plastic lunch boxes formed by thermoplastic processing, the laminating process used in disposable laminated lunch boxes is cumbersome, and there are higher food safety risks from the selection of raw materials to the production process.
Studies have shown that in order to facilitate later coating, the film-free base paper, the raw material used in disposable coated paper tableware, will add many production aids during the production process, causing the coated tableware to contain many migratory substances, such as bisphenol. A(BPA), optical brighteners, plasticizers, formaldehyde, organic chlorides, heavy metals and other processing aids [2].

#raw material#
The raw materials of disposable coated paper lunch boxes are mainly fibers from crops such as wood pulp, straw pulp, cotton pulp and other raw materials, which may contain certain pesticide residues. In addition, some raw materials mixed with recycled waste paper or recycled paper may contain pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, polychlorinated substitutes of benzene and biphenyl, volatile aldehydes and other harmful substances [3].
#additive#
In the process of manufacturing the paper base of disposable coated paper lunch boxes, the added sodium sulfite, aluminum sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, rosin, antifungal agents, bactericides, dyes and defoaming agents may be caused by improper process operation. And residues lead to food contamination. In order to achieve the whitening effect of white paper lunch boxes, paper materials usually contain fluorescent whitening agents. Since they generally contain styrene-based or aromatic amine-based structures, they can only be decomposed by the liver after entering the human body, thus increasing the burden on the liver and causing Potential cancer risk [4].
#Printing ink and organic solvent#
Considering factors such as cost and printing adaptability, traditional solvent-based inks are mostly used in the field of paper packaging and printing. There are certain amounts of carcinogens in the printing ink itself and organic solvents, such as heavy metals (lead, cadmium), benzene and benzene. Substitutes, etc.[5].
#How dangerous are these "migrable substances"? #
Packaging migration refers to residues in food packaging or performance-improving additives. Because they are not closely combined with each other, like ordinary plastic lunch boxes, they will migrate from the coating layer of the paper lunch box to the parts in contact with food. A substance that diffuses on the inner surface and is dissolved or dissolved so that it is present in food. Therefore, the more residual chemicals in disposable paper lunch boxes will be released into the food the longer the food is held.

Conduct a study on the migration of chemical substances in disposable lunch boxes, and test the migration of chemical substances in different types of disposable lunch boxes under acetic acid (simulating general vinegar), ethanol (simulating alcoholic food) and different water temperatures (simulating food at different temperatures) quantity.
The research results show that: disposable plastic lunch boxes (PS, PP) and disposable coated paper lunch boxes (paper pulp model tableware) have certain chemical substances migrating under different use environments, and the composition of disposable coated lunch boxes The stability is not as good as disposable plastic lunch boxes, which poses great risks especially for containing alcoholic food [6].

Environmental star? Fake!
Environmental pollution risks caused by paper lunch boxes
Paper lunch boxes VS plastic lunch boxes, we invited professional reviewers - a simplified life cycle assessment matrix.
The simplified life cycle assessment matrix is a semi-quantitative method, in which one dimension represents the five stages of the product life cycle: raw material acquisition, product production, sales (including transportation), product use, recycling or disposal; the other dimension represents the environment factors, in order to comprehensively describe the environmental behavior of the entire product life cycle. Researchers divide each element into five levels based on the different impact it has on the environment. The smaller the value, the more serious the pollution [7]. After taking the value of each element in the matrix, the sum of the values obtained for each element is used as the evaluation index.

As we all know, the biggest difference between paper and plastic is that the former is easy to decompose and the latter cannot. However, recycling is only one step. If we make a comprehensive comparison of the entire "from cradle to grave" process of the product, as shown in the table above, during the stages of raw material acquisition and product production, the seriousness of paper lunch boxes' pollution to the environment is far greater. in plastic lunch boxes.
Not only that, due to the paper-plastic composite packaging characteristics of disposable coated tableware, the technical difficulty is too high from the perspective of the feasibility of recycling the material itself. The paper and coated tableware need to be separated and processed during recycling. This is not because of the ease of paper base. Degradability makes recycling easier.
The use of incineration will release a large amount of greenhouse gases, which is also contrary to the "low-carbon" banner of production and sales. Therefore, from the perspective of the entire process from production to recycling and disposal, using disposable paper lunch boxes is not more environmentally friendly than disposable plastic lunch boxes.
New Materials? Fake!
Paper packaging is no different than plastic
Internationally, the value factors of packaging materials are ranked as environmental protection, convenience, cost and functionality. Due to the constraints of previous economic conditions, our country mainly pays attention to cost and function [7].
Plastic packaging materials have been widely used around the world due to their low cost, light weight and durability. However, as people pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the call for new packaging materials is getting louder and louder, and it seems that more and more voices are using paper instead of plastic.

However, looking at the entire life cycle of disposable coated paper lunch boxes and plastic lunch boxes from production to recycling, it is not difficult to find that their life cycles are similar and they produce similar pollution - to a certain extent, coated paper lunch boxes Isn't the box just another form of plastic?

Conclusion
Regardless of disposable plastic tableware or disposable carton-coated paper tableware, disposable tableware is ultimately a "time bomb" that affects our healthy diet and beautiful environment.
Replacing plastic with paper is not the best solution to plastic pollution (remember the joy of milk tea being taken away by paper straws), and we cannot always hope to replace one material with another without considering the consequences and risks. What can really solve plastic pollution is to change our "use and throw away" lifestyle and replace single-use with reuse.
Major beverage stores are increasingly offering discounts on bring-your-own cups, which has gradually become a new trend in “green living”. Using reusable tableware is not only for our dwindling resources and environment, but also for your own health. Reduce the use of disposable tableware. Start by bringing your own tableware next time!

關鍵詞：紙杯  吸管  塑料杯